Reference
On this page (8 sections)
Disclaimer
The full statement of what this site is, and is not.
Unofficial education, not legal advice. This site is written by residents. It is not the City of Williams, and no lawyer has reviewed it. Check every claim against its source. For official information, go to cityofwilliams.org.
It teaches you which questions to ask; it does not tell you whether any rule is valid. Every legal claim is labeled Verified or Unverified and links to its source. For your own situation, talk to a licensed California attorney.
Not affiliated with the City of Williams, Colusa County, or any government agency.
Official sources to check
| What | Where | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Williams Municipal Code (official) | Municode Verified1 | A search snippet says it is codified through Ordinance 275-25 (December 10, 2025) Unverified1. Newer ordinances may not appear yet; ask the city clerk. |
| Williams code, third-party copy | GoCodebook Verified2 | Easier to search, but not official. Check any wording on Municode. |
| California statutes (official) | leginfo.legislature.ca.gov Verified3 | Government Code, Elections Code and others. |
| California Constitution (official) | Senate PDF Verified4 · leginfo Verified5 | Full text also on this site: California Constitution. |
| U.S. Constitution | National Archives Verified6 · Constitution Annotated Unverified7 | Full text also on this site: U.S. Constitution. |
| Court cases | CourtListener Verified8 | Free and unofficial. Use it to confirm a case exists and to read the opinion. |
| Council agendas and minutes | City agenda page Verified9 | Packets are PDFs. |
| City clerk | city clerk page Verified10 · (530) 235-3274 Verified11 | Records requests, newest ordinances. |
How we label claims
How to read the labels
- Verified
- We read this in the cited source on the date shown on the Reference page. For statutes, some “Verified” items were read on a reputable unofficial copy (Justia or FindLaw); the Reference page says which.
- Unverified
- Not confirmed: from a summary, a search result, general knowledge, or a source we could not open directly. Treat it as a lead to check, not a fact.
- Calculated
- We calculated this from the cited source (for example, a meeting date from the regular schedule). Check the math and the source.
In the text, a small marker sits right after the claim: ✓ means Verified, ? Unverified and Σ Calculated. The number links to the source at the bottom of the page.
Our rules: every legal claim gets a label and a source; we do not invent legal facts; when a source is an unofficial copy (a code mirror, Justia or FindLaw) we say so; we never bypass a website's bot protection. Where an official site blocked automated access, we link to it and label what we could not read as Unverified. No lawyer has reviewed this site.
Corrections log
- : Know your rights, “Can I record a city meeting?”: we said anyone may record a meeting “on audio or video.” Since January 1, 2026, Gov. Code §54953.5(a) says attendees may “record the proceedings”; the answer now uses that wording and links the official text.
- : Fourteenth Amendment lesson: the “District elections” point read as if Williams might elect council members by district. The city's 2026 candidate guide says members are elected at large; the lesson now says so.
- : Site rebuilt as a course on reading city law (version 2). Pages on roads, city finances and audits, the Grand Jury report, the code issue list, and records-request templates were removed.
Report an error
Found a mistake, a dead link, or a newer law? Tell us which page, what is wrong, and a link to the official source that shows the correct information.
- Contact: email angelestrada530777@gmail.com
We correct errors publicly and note the change in the log above, with the date.
All sources
| Source | Publisher | Type | Accessed | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City Council page (meeting schedule, members, contact) | City of Williams | Official | Says regular meetings are the third Wednesday of each month at 6:00 p.m., Council Chambers, City Hall, 810 E Street; call (530) 235-3270 or (530) 473-2955. Re-read Oct 31, 2026: the page's contact box lists the City Council at (530) 235-3274 or (530) 473-2955, the same number the city directory gives the City Clerk. | |
| City Council agendas and minutes (official index) | City of Williams | Official | Dynamic page; packets are linked PDFs. Many older packets are scanned images without searchable text. | |
| City Council agendas and minutes, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | The city’s list of 2024 council agendas, packets and signed minutes. On October 31, 2026, the links for the March 20, April 3 (special), April 17 and May 8 (special) 2024 packets did not open. | |
| Council meeting livestream and video archive (AV Capture All) | City of Williams (hosted by AV Capture All) | Official | Link printed on the October 21, 2026 agenda as the courtesy livestream. | |
| City Council agenda packet, October 21, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Agenda in English and Spanish, public comment instructions (item D), and the first reading of Ordinance 282-26 (item 5), among other items. | |
| City Council meeting video, October 21, 2026 (AV Capture All) | City of Williams (hosted by AV Capture All) | Official | Official recording of the meeting. Vote results on this site are transcribed from it with timestamps (video time; 00:01:40 = 6:00 PM call to order). They are unofficial until the Council approves the minutes. | |
| Williams Municipal Code (official, Municode) | Municode for the City of Williams | Official | Codified through Ord. 275-25 (Dec 10, 2025), per a search snippet. Municode blocked automated access; not bypassed. | |
| Williams Municipal Code mirror (GoCodebook, 2026-10 edition) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror, not the official codification. Quotes should be checked against Municode or the City Clerk. | |
| City Clerk (public records requests, Form 700 filing officer) | City of Williams | Official | City Clerk's office, 810 E Street (P.O. Box 310). Phone (530) 235-3274, or (530) 473-2955 Ext. 111. This page has an online Public Records Request form and links a PDF request form. | |
| Community page (“made a General Law City on May 20, 1920”) | City of Williams | Official | Says: “It was made a General Law City on May 20, 1920.” | |
| Gov. Code §54960.1 (Brown Act: demand to cure or correct) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly (the Justia copy blocked automated checks; text identical). Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Gov. Code §54954.3 (Brown Act: public comment) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly (the Justia copy blocked automated checks; text identical). Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Ralph M. Brown Act, Gov. Code §§54950-54963 (official) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text opened directly on Oct 29, 2026 (§54950, the first section of the Brown Act, Gov. Code §§54950-54963). Earlier automated attempts were blocked; we did not bypass any block. | |
| California Public Records Act, Gov. Code §7920.000 et seq. (official) | California Legislative Information | Official | Opens §7920.000, the first section of the CPRA (Division 10 of the Government Code); read directly on Oct 29, 2026: it names the division the California Public Records Act. | |
| Gov. Code §7922.535 (CPRA: 10-day determination) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: within 10 days of a request the agency must decide whether it has disclosable public records and promptly tell the requester; in unusual circumstances the deadline may be extended by written notice for up to 14 days (as amended effective 2026, unusual circumstances also include a cyberattack or a declared state of emergency). | |
| Elections Code §9237 (referendum petition: 30 days, 10%) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly (FindLaw copy was blocked to automated checks). Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §9215 (initiative: 10% of registered voters) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly (FindLaw copy was blocked to automated checks). Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Can a city council reduce the time allotted for public comment? | First Amendment Coalition (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | ||
| Citizen research notes behind this site (Oct 16, 2026) | Site volunteers (not public yet) | Unofficial / third-party | Volunteer research notes (October 16-17, 2026), not published. Anything cited only to these notes is labeled Unverified. The link points to the City site because the notes have no public URL. | |
| The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription | U.S. National Archives | Official | ||
| The Bill of Rights: A Transcription | U.S. National Archives | Official | ||
| The Constitution: Amendments 11-27 | U.S. National Archives | Official | ||
| Constitution Annotated | Library of Congress / Congress.gov | Official | Blocked automated retrieval; link only. | |
| Constitutions of California and the United States, 2025-26 edition (PDF) | California State Senate | Official | California Constitution as last amended November 5, 2024. | |
| California Constitution (official, by article) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official table of contents of the California Constitution, by article; opened directly on Oct 29, 2026. | |
| Colusa County Elections | County of Colusa | Official | County home page; navigate to Elections (Clerk-Recorder). Exact elections URL not verified. | |
| California Law: codes and statutes (official) | California Legislative Information | Official | The official place to read California statutes; opened directly on Oct 29, 2026 (lists every California code, including the Government Code and Elections Code). | |
| CourtListener case law search | Free Law Project (nonprofit) | Unofficial / third-party | Free case-law database. Volunteers used it to confirm that cited cases exist. Not an official court reporter. | |
| Plain-language definitions by site volunteers (general knowledge) | Site volunteers | Unofficial / third-party | Written from general knowledge and not checked against a statute or court decision. The link is where to check California law yourself. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 1.12 (General penalty) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 8.16, Art. I (Nuisance abatement in general) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 8.16, Art. II (Nuisance abatement procedure) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 8.16, Art. VI (Administrative citations) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 8.16, Art. IX (Judicial review) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 8.08 (Garbage and refuse) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 13.04 (Water) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 13.08, Art. 1 (Sewers: general provisions) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. The quoted wording also matches the city-posted Ordinance 270-25 (May 2025, https://cityofwilliams.org/270-25.pdf), which used different section numbers (13.08.130, .150, .720) before codification. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 13.08, Art. 8 (Sewers: enforcement) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror of the code (its 2026-10 edition, updated Oct 3, 2026, per the site). Quotes on this site were re-read on the mirror on Oct 23, 2026 and matched by script. The official code is on Municode; check quotes there or with the City Clerk before relying on them. The quoted wording also matches the city-posted Ordinance 270-25 (May 2025, https://cityofwilliams.org/270-25.pdf), which used different section numbers (13.08.130, .150, .720) before codification. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.50 (inspection warrant defined) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.51 (inspection warrant: cause and affidavit) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.56 (inspection warrant: hours, forced entry, 24-hour notice) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.57 (refusing a warranted inspection) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Penal Code §19.6 (infractions: no jail, no jury, no appointed lawyer) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36900 (city ordinance violations: misdemeanor unless made an infraction) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53069.4 (administrative fines and court appeal) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. The official text was confirmed on leginfo on Oct 29, 2026 (see leginfo-53069-4). | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §425.16 (anti-SLAPP motion to strike) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Andreas Booher, attorney profile | Best Best & Krieger LLP | Unofficial / third-party | Law firm's own profile: Booher is a partner in BBK's Municipal Law group, Sacramento office. | |
| Government Code §38773.5 (nuisance abatement costs as a special assessment) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. (7 Pet.) 243 (1833) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523 (1967) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Coates v. City of Cincinnati, 402 U.S. 611 (1971) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Grayned v. City of Rockford, 408 U.S. 104 (1972) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins, 447 U.S. 74 (1980) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| United States v. Bajakajian, 524 U.S. 321 (1998) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562 (2000) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) (syllabus) | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Only the official syllabus was read, plus the passages quoted in Timbs v. Indiana. The syllabus is not part of the opinion. | |
| Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach (2018), No. 17-21 | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Timbs v. Indiana (2019), No. 17-1091 | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Knick v. Township of Scott (2019), No. 17-647 | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Tyler v. Hennepin County (2023), No. 22-166 | Cornell Legal Information Institute (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on Cornell's Legal Information Institute (free copy, not the official U.S. Reports). | |
| Murgia v. Municipal Court (1975) 15 Cal.3d 286 | Justia (copy of California Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Gleaves v. Waters (1985) 175 Cal.App.3d 413 | Justia (copy of California Court of Appeal opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Hale v. Morgan (1978) 22 Cal.3d 388 | CourtListener / Harvard Caselaw Access Project (scan of California Reports) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Robins v. Pruneyard Shopping Center (1979) 23 Cal.3d 899 | CourtListener / Harvard Caselaw Access Project (scan of California Reports) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Sherwin-Williams Co. v. City of Los Angeles (1993) 4 Cal.4th 893 | CourtListener / Harvard Caselaw Access Project (scan of California Reports) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 | CourtListener / Harvard Caselaw Access Project (scan of California Reports) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| People ex rel. Lockyer v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. (2005) 37 Cal.4th 707 | California Attorney General (PDF of the opinion) | Official | Copy of the opinion posted by the Attorney General's office. | |
| Bighorn-Desert View Water Agency v. Verjil (2006) 39 Cal.4th 205 | CourtListener / Harvard Caselaw Access Project (scan of California Reports) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read on a free copy, not the official reporter. Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §34102 (general law cities) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §81001 (Political Reform Act: findings) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §11000 (recall: who it covers) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §11221 (recall: signatures for local officers) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1 (1824) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Granholm v. Heald, 544 U.S. 460 (2005) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gravel v. United States, 408 U.S. 606 (1972) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Article I | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Preamble | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Baker v. General Motors Corp., 522 U.S. 222 (1998) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Home Building & Loan Assn. v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398 (1934) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Puerto Rico v. Branstad, 483 U.S. 219 (1987) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. 386 (1798) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Chiafalo v. Washington, 591 U.S. 578 (2020) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433 (1939) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S. 1 (1958) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Cramer v. United States, 325 U.S. 1 (1945) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council, 530 U.S. 363 (2000) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Dillon v. Gloss, 256 U.S. 368 (1921) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hawke v. Smith, 253 U.S. 221 (1920) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Humphrey's Executor v. United States, 295 U.S. 602 (1935) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy, 603 U.S. 109 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Kleppe v. New Mexico, 426 U.S. 529 (1976) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Leser v. Garnett, 258 U.S. 130 (1922) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Lockyer v. City and County of San Francisco (2004) 33 Cal.4th 1055 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. 1 (1849) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 14 U.S. 304 (1816) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658 (1978) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654 (1988) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn., 584 U.S. 453 (2018) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 (1926) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| NLRB v. Noel Canning, 573 U.S. 513 (2014) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Pacific States Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Oregon, 223 U.S. 118 (1912) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper, 470 U.S. 274 (1985) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 157 U.S. 429 (1895) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 591 U.S. 197 (2020) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Trump v. United States, 603 U.S. 593 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Article VII | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Declaration of Independence: A Transcription | U.S. National Archives | Official | Official transcription of the 1776 Declaration. | |
| Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| DeVita v. County of Napa (1995) 9 Cal.4th 763 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, 593 U.S. 522 (2021) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S. 410 (2006) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gonzalez v. Trevino, 602 U.S. 653 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization, 307 U.S. 496 (1939) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Kennedy v. Bremerton School District, 597 U.S. 507 (2022) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Ladue v. Gilleo, 512 U.S. 43 (1994) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Lindke v. Freed, 601 U.S. 187 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520 (1993) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Nieves v. Bartlett, 587 U.S. 391 (2019) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563 (1968) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Reed v. Town of Gilbert, 576 U.S. 155 (2015) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U.S. 443 (2011) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Town of Greece v. Galloway, 572 U.S. 565 (2014) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 U.S. 781 (1989) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 1 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Government Code §54954.3 (Brown Act: public comment) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc., 436 U.S. 307 (1978) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| People v. Brisendine (1975) 13 Cal.3d 528 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. 1 (2022) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| New York v. Burger, 482 U.S. 691 (1987) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Caniglia v. Strom, 593 U.S. 194 (2021) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. 296 (2018) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Heien v. North Carolina, 574 U.S. 54 (2014) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Florida v. Jardines, 569 U.S. 1 (2013) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| In re Lance W. (1985) 37 Cal.3d 873 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Lange v. California, 594 U.S. 295 (2021) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 44 (1991) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Michigan v. Tyler, 436 U.S. 499 (1978) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170 (1984) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Los Angeles v. Patel, 576 U.S. 409 (2015) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Rahimi, 602 U.S. 680 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| See v. City of Seattle, 387 U.S. 541 (1967) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Soldal v. Cook County, 506 U.S. 56 (1992) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 3 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 4 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid, 594 U.S. 139 (2021) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gamble v. United States, 587 U.S. 678 (2019) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Garrity v. New Jersey, 385 U.S. 493 (1967) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Kelo v. City of New London, 545 U.S. 469 (2005) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District, 570 U.S. 595 (2013) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 U.S. 419 (1982) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003 (1992) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393 (1922) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1 (1964) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 483 U.S. 825 (1987) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Sheetz v. County of El Dorado, 601 U.S. 267 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.52 (inspection warrants: cause) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §66001 (Mitigation Fee Act: nexus findings for fees) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Austin v. United States, 509 U.S. 602 (1993) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Baldwin v. New York, 399 U.S. 66 (1970) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660 (1983) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Minneapolis & St. Louis R. Co. v. Bombolis, 241 U.S. 211 (1916) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Browning-Ferris Industries v. Kelco Disposal, 492 U.S. 257 (1989) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, 603 U.S. 520 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S. 83 (2020) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Scott v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367 (1979) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Stack v. Boyle, 342 U.S. 1 (1951) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Tate v. Short, 401 U.S. 395 (1971) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Tull v. United States, 481 U.S. 412 (1987) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Waller v. Florida, 397 U.S. 387 (1970) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706 (1999) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority, 469 U.S. 528 (1985) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1890) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hunter v. City of Pittsburgh, 207 U.S. 161 (1907) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Lincoln County v. Luning, 133 U.S. 529 (1890) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Mt. Healthy City School Dist. Bd. of Ed. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274 (1977) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Will v. Michigan Dept. of State Police, 491 U.S. 58 (1989) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 9 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., 429 U.S. 252 (1977) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Avery v. Midland County, 390 U.S. 474 (1968) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432 (1985) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Connally v. General Construction Co., 269 U.S. 385 (1926) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div. v. Craft, 436 U.S. 1 (1978) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| DeShaney v. Winnebago County, 489 U.S. 189 (1989) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254 (1970) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Jones v. Flowers, 547 U.S. 220 (2006) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532 (1985) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167 (1961) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 (1950) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Nordlinger v. Hahn, 505 U.S. 1 (1992) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. 644 (2015) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Owen v. City of Independence, 445 U.S. 622 (1980) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319 (1937) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156 (1972) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Pembaur v. Cincinnati, 475 U.S. 469 (1986) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Perry v. United States, 294 U.S. 330 (1935) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564 (1972) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, 600 U.S. 181 (2023) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 545 U.S. 748 (2005) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Trump v. Anderson, 601 U.S. 100 (2024) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Tumey v. Ohio, 273 U.S. 510 (1927) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Ward v. Village of Monroeville, 409 U.S. 57 (1972) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 14 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Bailey v. Alabama, 219 U.S. 219 (1911) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Breedlove v. Suttles, 302 U.S. 277 (1937) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Brushaber v. Union Pacific R. Co., 240 U.S. 1 (1916) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Butler v. Perry, 240 U.S. 328 (1916) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 364 U.S. 339 (1960) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Harman v. Forssenius, 380 U.S. 528 (1965) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 392 U.S. 409 (1968) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States v. Kozminski, 487 U.S. 931 (1988) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1875) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| National Prohibition Cases, 253 U.S. 350 (1920) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Ray v. Blair, 343 U.S. 214 (1952) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 (2000) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529 (2013) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Tennessee Wine & Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas, 588 U.S. 504 (2019) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 12 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 13 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 15 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 16 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 17 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 18 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 19 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 21 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 22 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 25 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 26 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 27 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Albers v. County of Los Angeles (1965) 62 Cal.2d 250 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Catholic Charities of Sacramento, Inc. v. Superior Court (2004) 32 Cal.4th 527 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| California Building Industry Assn. v. City of San Jose (2015) 61 Cal.4th 435 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| People v. Dueñas (2019) 30 Cal.App.5th 1157 | Judicial Council of California (official slip opinion archive) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read directly (slip opinion or free copy, not the bound official reporter). Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Fashion Valley Mall, LLC v. NLRB (2007) 42 Cal.4th 850 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Fox v. City of Los Angeles (1978) 22 Cal.3d 792 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Gerawan Farming, Inc. v. Lyons (2000) 24 Cal.4th 468 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hensler v. City of Glendale (1994) 8 Cal.4th 1 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Hi-Voltage Wire Works, Inc. v. City of San Jose (2000) 24 Cal.4th 537 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Holtz v. Superior Court (1970) 3 Cal.3d 296 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| People v. Ramirez (1979) 25 Cal.3d 260 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Raven v. Deukmejian (1990) 52 Cal.3d 336 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of San Jose v. Superior Court (2017) 2 Cal.5th 608 | Judicial Council of California (official slip opinion archive) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read directly (slip opinion or free copy, not the bound official reporter). Confirm before relying on it. | |
| San Remo Hotel v. City and County of San Francisco (2002) 27 Cal.4th 643 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Sands v. Morongo Unified School Dist. (1991) 53 Cal.3d 863 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Serrano v. Priest (1971) 5 Cal.3d 584 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Sierra Club v. Superior Court (2013) 57 Cal.4th 157 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Strauss v. Horton (2009) 46 Cal.4th 364 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| People v. Wheeler (1978) 22 Cal.3d 258 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| White v. Davis (1975) 13 Cal.3d 757 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Government Code §54954.2 (Brown Act: agenda posting, 72 hours) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7920.000 (California Public Records Act: title) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7921.300 (California Public Records Act: purpose of request irrelevant) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.535 (California Public Records Act: 10-day response) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Amador Valley Joint Union High Sch. Dist. v. State Bd. of Equalization (1978) 22 Cal.3d 208 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Brosnahan v. Brown (1982) 32 Cal.3d 236 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Associated Home Builders etc., Inc. v. City of Livermore (1976) 18 Cal.3d 582 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Perry v. Brown (2011) 52 Cal.4th 1116 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Rossi v. Brown (1995) 9 Cal.4th 688 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Tuolumne Jobs & Small Business Alliance v. Superior Court (2014) 59 Cal.4th 1029 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Carmel Valley Fire Protection Dist. v. State of California (2001) 25 Cal.4th 287 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Legislature v. Eu (1991) 54 Cal.3d 492 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Professional Engineers in California Government v. Department of Transportation (1997) 15 Cal.4th 543 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Professional Engineers in California Government v. Schwarzenegger (2010) 50 Cal.4th 989 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Government Code §1090 (conflict of interest in contracts) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54953 (Brown Act: meetings open to the public) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54953.5 (Brown Act: right to record open meetings) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Big Creek Lumber Co. v. County of Santa Cruz (2006) 38 Cal.4th 1139 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Candid Enterprises, Inc. v. Grossmont Union High School Dist. (1985) 39 Cal.3d 878 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City of Riverside v. Inland Empire Patients Health & Wellness Center, Inc. (2013) 56 Cal.4th 729 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Traders Sports, Inc. v. City of San Leandro (2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 37 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| State Building & Construction Trades Council of California v. City of Vista (2012) 54 Cal.4th 547 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Superior Court of California, County of Colusa | Superior Court of California, County of Colusa | Official | The county superior court's official site, read Nov 3, 2026. Lists two locations in Colusa: Main Courthouse Dept. 1, 547 Market St., and Courthouse Annex Dept. 2, 532 Oak St., both (530) 458-5149. It does not say which location hears appeals of Williams citations. | |
| Government Code §36501 (officers of a general law city) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36934 (ordinance adoption: reading and five-day rule) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36937 (when city ordinances take effect) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §37100 (ordinances not in conflict with state or federal law) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Apartment Assn. of Los Angeles County, Inc. v. City of Los Angeles (2001) 24 Cal.4th 830 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Capistrano Taxpayers Assn., Inc. v. City of San Juan Capistrano (2015) 235 Cal.App.4th 1493 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| County of Los Angeles v. State of California (1987) 43 Cal.3d 46 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| City and County of San Francisco v. Farrell (1982) 32 Cal.3d 47 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Assn. v. City of Roseville (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 637 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Los Angeles County Transportation Com. v. Richmond (1982) 31 Cal.3d 197 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Richmond v. Shasta Community Services Dist. (2004) 32 Cal.4th 409 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Assn. v. City of Salinas (2002) 98 Cal.App.4th 1351 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Silicon Valley Taxpayers' Assn., Inc. v. Santa Clara County Open Space Authority (2008) 44 Cal.4th 431 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Sinclair Paint Co. v. State Bd. of Equalization (1997) 15 Cal.4th 866 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| California Cannabis Coalition v. City of Upland (2017) 3 Cal.5th 924 | Stanford Law School, SCOCAL (copy of California Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Opinion text read directly (slip opinion or free copy, not the bound official reporter). Confirm before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §37100.5 (general law city may levy charter-city taxes, with voter approval) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53750 (Proposition 218 Omnibus Implementation Act: definitions) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53755 (Proposition 218: notice of property-related fee increases) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| National Audubon Society v. Superior Court (1983) 33 Cal.3d 419 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Butt v. State of California (1992) 4 Cal.4th 668 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Joslin v. Marin Municipal Water Dist. (1967) 67 Cal.2d 132 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Stanson v. Mott (1976) 17 Cal.3d 206 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Vargas v. City of Salinas (2009) 46 Cal.4th 1 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Vogel v. County of Los Angeles (1967) 68 Cal.2d 18 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| James v. Valtierra, 402 U.S. 137 (1971) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Vandermost v. Bowen (2012) 53 Cal.4th 421 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| California Fed. Savings & Loan Assn. v. City of Los Angeles (1991) 54 Cal.3d 1 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Government Code §54950 (Brown Act: declaration of intent) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54952 (Brown Act: "legislative body" defined) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54957.5 (Brown Act: agenda materials are public records) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54960 (Brown Act: actions to stop or prevent violations) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54960.1 (Brown Act: actions to void actions taken in violation) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7921.000 (California Public Records Act: findings) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.525 (California Public Records Act: right to inspect) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.530 (California Public Records Act: copies of records) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §9241 (referendum: repeal or submit to voters) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Gov. Code §54956 (Brown Act: special meetings, 24 hours' notice) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Gov. Code §54957.1 (Brown Act: reporting closed-session actions) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Gov. Code §7923.000 (CPRA: right to sue) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Gov. Code §7923.100 (CPRA: petition to superior court) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Gov. Code §7923.115 (CPRA: costs and attorney's fees) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450 | Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School (copy of California opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read in the Caselaw Access Project copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| United States Trust Co. of New York v. New Jersey, 431 U.S. 1 (1977) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115 (Citation of opinions) | Judicial Council of California | Official | Official text of the rule that unpublished Court of Appeal opinions generally cannot be cited or relied on. | |
| City Council agenda packet, January 15, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the approved-draft minutes of the December 11, 2024 meeting (Resolution 24-16; adoption of Ordinance 264-24). Scanned; we read it with OCR and checked the lines we use. | |
| City Council agenda packet, February 19, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the January 15, 2025 minutes (Ordinance 265-24 adopted; Resolution 25-01). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, April 16, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the March 19, 2025 minutes (first readings of Ordinances 266-25 to 270-25; Resolution 25-03). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, May 21, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the April 16, 2025 minutes (Ordinances 266-25 to 269-25 adopted). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, July 16, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the May 21, 2025 minutes (Ordinance 270-25 adopted; Resolutions 25-04 to 25-07) and the preliminary two-year budget staff report. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, August 20, 2025 (revised) | City of Williams | Official | Holds the June 18, 2025 minutes (Resolutions 25-08 and 25-09). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, September 17, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the July 16, 2025 minutes, where the Council approved the preliminary FY2026 and FY2027 budget (PDF pages 20 to 22). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, October 15, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the August 20 and September 17, 2025 minutes (Ordinances 271-25 to 274-25; Resolutions 25-10 and 25-11). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, November 19, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the October 15, 2025 minutes (Ordinance 274-25 adopted; Resolutions 25-12 and 25-13). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, January 21, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the November 19 and December 10, 2025 minutes (Resolutions 25-14 to 25-16; Ordinances 275-25 to 277-25). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, February 18, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the January 21, 2026 minutes (Resolutions 26-01 and 26-02). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, March 18, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the February 18, 2026 minutes (Resolutions 26-03 and 26-04). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, April 15, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the March 18, 2026 minutes (Resolutions 26-05 to 26-07). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, June 17, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the May 20 and May 21, 2026 minutes (Resolutions 26-08 to 26-15). Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, July 15, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the June 17, 2026 minutes (Resolutions 26-16 to 26-18; first reading of the ADU Ordinance 278-26). Scanned; read with OCR. Also holds the staff report and resolution for the fire prevention special sales tax petition placed on the Nov 3, 2026 ballot (PDF pages 36 to 45). | |
| City Council agenda packet, August 19, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the July 15, 2026 minutes (Resolution 26-19; first readings of the noise Ordinance 278-26 and Ordinance 279-26) and the text of Resolution 26-23 with its fee tables (PDF pages 38 to 40). Scanned; read with OCR, fee tables checked by eye. | |
| City Council agenda packet, September 16, 2026 (file named "Packet 9.10.26") | City of Williams | Official | Holds the August 19, 2026 minutes (Resolutions 26-23 to 26-27; Ordinances 278-26 on noise and 279-26 adopted) and the audited financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2025 (General Fund budget-to-actual on PDF page 207; management discussion on PDF pages 149 to 151). Text layer. | |
| City Council minutes, January 17, 2024 (signed and approved) | City of Williams | Official | The signed, approved minutes posted on the city’s 2024 agendas and minutes page. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council minutes, February 21, 2024 (signed and approved) | City of Williams | Official | The signed, approved minutes posted on the city’s 2024 agendas and minutes page. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, May 15, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of April 3, 2024 (special; partial), April 17, 2024, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. The city’s 2024 page lists it under 05/18/2024; the agenda inside is for May 15, 2024. | |
| City Council agenda packet, June 19, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of May 8, 2024 (special), May 15, 2024, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, July 17, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of June 5, 2024 (special), as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, August 21, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of July 17, 2024, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, September 18, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of August 21, 2024, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, October 16, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of September 18, 2024, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, November 20, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of October 2, 2024 (special), October 16, 2024, October 23, 2024 (special), as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, December 11, 2024 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of November 20, 2024, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, March 19, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of February 19, 2025, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, December 10, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of November 19, 2025 (special), as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| City Council agenda packet, May 20, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Holds the minutes of April 15, 2026, as presented for approval. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| Ordinances page | City of Williams | Official | Lists ordinance PDFs up to Ordinance 270-25. Ordinances 253 to 256, 261 and 264 are not listed, and nothing newer than 270-25 is posted there. The posted PDFs are scans; we read them with OCR. | |
| Resolutions page | City of Williams | Official | The newest resolution posted is 2022-14. Resolutions from 2023 on are not posted there; this site takes them from council minutes in the agenda packets. | |
| Resolution 26-01 (water and sewer service fee increase), signed copy | City of Williams | Official | Passed January 21, 2026 after a Proposition 218 hearing continued from November 19, 2025. Scanned; read with OCR. | |
| Water and sewer rates, scheduled increases (Exhibits A and B, "New rates 2026") | City of Williams | Official | Monthly fixed and volume rates in effect since December 1, 2024, and the increases scheduled every February 1 from 2026 to 2030. Text layer. | |
| Two-year budget, FY2026 and FY2027 ("submitted 7.16.25") | City of Williams | Official | Scanned and partly sideways. Figures used here come from Exhibit A (PDF page 7, titled "City-Wide Fund Summary and Preliminary Operating Budgets"), Exhibit D (PDF page 11) and the department pages (PDF pages 13 to 26, headed "Proposed"), read by eye. The department totals add up to the Exhibit A totals. | |
| Finance: financial statements page | City of Williams | Official | Where the city posts its audits, budget and development impact fee reports. | |
| Official Zoning Map (PDF, dated May 2012) | City of Williams | Official | One-page map titled "Official Zoning Map, Pursuant to Section 17.01.010.3 of the City of Williams Zoning Code", dated May 2012. Later rezonings (for example Ordinance 266-25) may not be shown. | |
| Planning: General Plan page | City of Williams | Official | Posts the May 2012 General Plan update chapter by chapter, its maps, the Environmental Justice element and the Public Safety chapter with an SB 99 appendix. | |
| General Plan, Chapter 1: Introduction (May 2012) | City of Williams | Official | Lists the elements (chapters 3 to 9), the 2030 horizon, the adoption steps and the four-amendments-a-year limit under Gov. Code §65358(b). | |
| Planning: Zoning page | City of Williams | Official | Links the Zoning Code and Zoning Map. It says the General Plan was adopted in 1988, while the General Plan page posts a May 2012 update. | |
| Planning Department page | City of Williams | Official | Describes the department, recent and pending projects, and the Planning Commission. | |
| Planning: Design Review Manual page | City of Williams | Official | Says the manual is enabled under Zoning Code §17.05.270 and links the manual PDF. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 17.01 (Zoning: purpose and application) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). Includes §17.01.010.3, Official zoning map. Check wording on Municode or with the City Clerk. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 17.05 (Zoning: administration) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). Who decides what (Planning Commission, director, City Council), appeals (§17.05.260.4) and design review (§17.05.270). Check wording on Municode or with the City Clerk. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 3.20 (Budget system) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). §3.20.010 requires an adopted city budget; §3.20.040 requires hearings. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Moore v. United States, 602 U.S. 572 (2024) | Supreme Court of the United States (slip opinion PDF) | Official | Official slip opinion, read in full. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 23 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Elections Code §2000 (voting where you reside) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36502 (council members must be city electors; council term limits) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Revenue and Taxation Code §17041.5 (no city or county income taxes) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §10720 (temporary appointment to fill a U.S. Senate vacancy) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36512 (filling a city council vacancy) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| History of Women's Suffrage in California | California Secretary of State, State Archives | Official | Official State Archives history of the October 10, 1911 vote, with the final count. It does not give county-by-county results. | |
| Elections Code §2101 (who may register to vote; preregistration at 16) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §2102 (preregistration takes effect at 18) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36516 (city council salaries) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36516.5 (council pay changes do not apply during the current term) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 20 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Government Code §36503 (general municipal elections and council terms) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190 (1976) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion text read on the LII copy. Quotes on this site were machine-checked against that text. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Amendment 24 | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Constitution Annotated: Article VI | Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (LII copy) | Unofficial / third-party | The Library of Congress's official annotated Constitution (CONAN), read on the Cornell LII copy because constitution.congress.gov blocks our tools. History and background on this site were checked against these essays. | |
| Government Code §911.2 (deadline to present a claim against a public entity) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §945.6 (deadline to sue a public entity after a claim is rejected) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Welcome Arch Signs: Williams, CA | RoadsideArchitecture.com (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Says the Williams welcome arch was built in 1917 and restored from 1985 to 1986. | |
| State Route 20 Business, California (Williams Arch photos) | AARoads (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Says the Williams Arch spans E Street (SR 20 Business, the original SR 20 alignment) at 6th Street in downtown Williams. | |
| Photo: Arch (Williams, California), by Visitor7 | Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) | Unofficial / third-party | Photo by Visitor7, taken Oct 7, 2012, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Cropped and resized for the home page; the cropped versions are shared under the same license. | |
| Gov. Code §7922.525 (CPRA: inspection and reasonably segregable portions) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: records may be inspected during office hours, and any reasonably segregable portion must be made available after deleting the exempt portions. | |
| Gov. Code §7922.600 (CPRA: duty to help identify records) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: the agency must assist the requester to identify records responsive to the request, describe the information technology and physical location of the records, and suggest ways to overcome any practical basis for denying access. | |
| Gov. Code §54953.5 (Brown Act: recording open meetings) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026 (as amended by SB 707, effective Jan 1, 2026): anyone at an open meeting may record the proceedings unless the body reasonably finds the recording would persistently disrupt the meeting by noise, illumination or obstruction of view; agency recordings are public records and may be erased after 30 days. | |
| Gov. Code §54954.2 (Brown Act: 72-hour agenda posting) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: at least 72 hours before a regular meeting the agenda must be posted, with a brief general description of each item, including closed-session items; generally no action on items not on the agenda. | |
| Gov. Code §54962 (Brown Act: no closed session unless expressly authorized) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: no closed session may be held by a local legislative body except as expressly authorized by the chapter (and a few listed other laws). | |
| Gov. Code §54956.8 (closed session: real property negotiations) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: closed session allowed to instruct negotiators on the price and terms of payment for buying, selling, exchanging or leasing real property. | |
| Gov. Code §54956.9 (closed session: pending litigation) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: closed session allowed to confer with legal counsel about pending litigation. | |
| Gov. Code §54957 (closed session: security threats and personnel) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: closed session allowed on threats to public services or facilities, and to consider the appointment, employment, evaluation of performance, discipline or dismissal of a public employee. | |
| Gov. Code §54957.6 (closed session: labor negotiators) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: closed session allowed to meet with the agency's designated representatives about salaries, benefits and other terms of employment. | |
| Gov. Code §36516 (city council salaries, official text) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: a council may set salaries by ordinance; for cities up to and including 35,000 population, up to $950 per month; population is the last federal census or a later state Department of Finance estimate. | |
| Elections Code §9215 (city initiative signatures, official text) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: 10 percent of the voters of the city according to the last report of registration by the county elections official to the Secretary of State (25 percent or 100 voters in a city with 1,000 or fewer registered voters). | |
| Elections Code §11221 (recall signatures, official text) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026: for a city officer, 25 percent of registered voters if registration is at least 1,000 but under 10,000, counted as of the last report of registration to the Secretary of State. | |
| Report of Registration as of September 4, 2026: Registration by Political Subdivision by County | California Secretary of State | Official | Lists Williams under Colusa County with 2,276 registered voters as of September 4, 2026 (60-day report before the Nov 3, 2026 election). Report index: https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/report-registration/60day-general-2026 | |
| E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, January 1, 2025 and 2026 | California Department of Finance | Official | Williams (Colusa County): 5,595 on Jan 1, 2025 and 5,621 on Jan 1, 2026 (provisional), from the E-1 2026 workbook (E-1_2026_InternetVersion.xlsx). | |
| Statement of the Vote of California at the Special Election Held October 10, 1911, on Constitutional Amendments | California Secretary of State, State Archives | Official | Scanned official statement of vote. Page 4, Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 8 (women's suffrage): Colusa County Yes 438, No 427; state totals Yes 125,037, No 121,450. | |
| Candidate Guide, General Municipal Election November 3, 2026 | City of Williams, City Clerk | Official | Says the council has five members who serve 4-year terms and are each elected at large; the council appoints the Mayor and Mayor Pro Tem at the first meeting of the year; councilmembers receive a monthly stipend of $420 and the Mayor $560. It does not mention term limits. | |
| Notice of Election, November 3, 2026 | City of Williams | Official | Lists the offices on the Nov 3, 2026 city ballot: three City Council members (full four-year terms) and City Treasurer. No mayor's office is on the ballot. | |
| Business License page | City of Williams | Official | Apply online through the city's iWorQ portal; the License Collector reviews applications, (530) 235-3279, agrajeda@cityofwilliams.org; payment is taken at the Finance Department; a license is valid for a calendar year from the issue date. | |
| Citizen Portal: Business License Application (iWorQ) | City of Williams (iWorQ portal) | Official | The city's online business license application, linked from the city's Business License page. The portal marks online license renewal and invoice payment "coming soon" and lists 530-235-3279 for questions. | |
| Citizen Portal: Building and Encroachment Permit Applications (iWorQ) | City of Williams (iWorQ portal) | Official | Online Building Permit Application and Encroachment Permit Application. The encroachment application says permits are issued under WMC chapter 12.14 and asks the permittee to notify Public Works one working day before starting work; it lists both (530) 473-2955 Ext. 801 and (530) 473-2519 for this. It also requires calling 811 (Underground Service Alert) at least two working days before excavation. | |
| Forms & Permits (Document Center) | City of Williams | Official | The city's forms library: building, business, City Clerk, Parks and Recreation (including a Spanish registration form), special events, planning and public works forms. | |
| Records Request or Request for Information form (PDF) | City of Williams, City Clerk | Official | The City Clerk's paper form for public records requests. The City Clerk page also links an online Public Records Request form. | |
| Utilities page (start, stop, billing) | City of Williams | Official | Start service with an Application for Service (owners provide a recorded deed); stop service by calling Customer Service at (530) 235-3274 for a Discontinuance of Service form; billing questions by email to aramirez@cityofwilliams.org or voicemail at (530) 235-3274. Links the 2026 rates and the shut-off policy (English and Spanish). The Utility Rates text says revenues "will be used to ensure the City can meet State and Federal water quality laws, and construct, repair, maintain and properly operate water supply infrastructure," and that on January 21, 2026 the Council adopted water rate adjustments for 2026 to 2030 (re-read Nov 10, 2026). | |
| UPDATED Prop 218 Notices and Rate Studies (water and sewer rate increases) | City of Williams | Official | City news post (Nov 20, 2025 listing): continues the public hearing to January 21, 2026 and links the Prop 218 notice, the 2025 Water Rate Study, the Sewer Enterprise 2025 Rate Study Update, and Spanish copies. It says the related studies detail "the needs for the water and sewer rate increases." The studies themselves were not read for this site. | |
| Utilities: Contact Us | City of Williams | Official | Utility billing office at 464 8th Street, Monday to Friday 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., (530) 235-3274. | |
| Política de desconexión (shut-off policy, Spanish) | City of Williams | Official | The city's water shut-off policy in Spanish. It lists (530) 235-3270 Ext. 111 for questions; the English version lists (530) 473-2955 Ext. 111. English version: https://www.cityofwilliams.org/Documents/Services/Utilities/City%20of%20Williams%20shut%20off%20policy.pdf | |
| Contact Us (department directory) | City of Williams | Official | Department phones and addresses: City Hall 810 E Street, main line (530) 473-2955; City Clerk (530) 235-3274; Building 460 8th Street (530) 235-3276; Planning & Zoning and Business Licenses 460 8th Street (530) 235-3279; Finance and water payments 464 8th Street, Finance Director (530) 235-3271; City Manager 810 E Street (530) 235-3275; Human Resources (530) 235-3273; Parks & Recreation 810 E Street (530) 235-3277; Public Works 735 7th Street (530) 235-3270 Ext. 801, dpw@cityofwilliams.org; Police (530) 473-2661; Code Enforcement 700 North Street (530) 473-2533; Fire (530) 473-2269. City Hall hours on this page: Monday to Thursday 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., closed Fridays (other city pages differ). | |
| News (announcements, notices and RFPs) | City of Williams | Official | City news list, including requests for proposals (for example, On-Call CEQA Services, Oct 14, 2026) and election notices. | |
| Parks & Recreation: Events | City of Williams | Official | Lists city events, including the Festival of Lights on Saturday, Dec 12, 2026, 4 to 9 p.m., parade at 6 p.m. | |
| City calendar | City of Williams | Official | The city's events and meetings calendar. | |
| Public Notices | City of Williams | Official | Public notices and hearing notices; also lists Planning Commission (fourth Monday, 6 p.m.) and Parks & Recreation Commission (first Thursday, 6 p.m.) meeting times. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116902 (water shut-off law: definitions) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. An "urban and community water system" is a public water system supplying more than 200 service connections (subd. (e)); amended by SB 3, effective Jan 1, 2024. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116904 (water shut-off law: who must comply and when) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Urban and community water systems not regulated by the PUC and not urban water suppliers must comply on and after April 1, 2020 (subd. (c)); other community water systems from Aug 1, 2024 (subd. (d)). | |
| Health and Safety Code §116906 (written shut-off policy) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. The system must have a written policy on residential shut-offs for nonpayment, in English and the languages listed in Civil Code §1632 and any other language spoken by at least 10% of people in its service area; it must include a deferred or reduced payment plan, alternative payment schedules, a formal way to contest or appeal a bill, and a phone number for help (subd. (a)); it must be on the system's website (subd. (b)); the State Water Board may enforce (subd. (c)). | |
| Health and Safety Code §116908 (notice before a water shut-off) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. No residential shut-off until a payment has been delinquent at least 60 days; contact by phone or written notice at least 7 business days before; offer to discuss alternative and deferred payments, amortization and bill review; contents of the written notice and the copy to "Occupant"; a visit and posted notice if phone and mail fail; no shut-off while an adult's bill appeal is pending (subd. (b)). Amended by SB 3, effective Jan 1, 2024. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116910 (no shut-off for medical and financial hardship) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. No shut-off when a primary care provider certifies a serious health threat, the customer is financially unable to pay (listed benefit programs or income under 200% of the federal poverty level) and the customer is willing to enter a payment arrangement; the system offers amortization, an alternative schedule, a reduction or a temporary deferral, ordinarily repaid within 12 months; a shut-off may follow 5 business days after a posted final notice if the customer falls 60 days behind on the plan or current charges. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116914 (reconnection fees and interest for lower-income households) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. For a household with income below 200% of the federal poverty level, reconnection fees are capped at $50 during normal operating hours and $150 at other times, adjusted for CPI from Jan 1, 2021 and never more than actual cost, and interest on delinquent bills is waived once every 12 months. | |
| Drinking Water Watch: City of Williams water system (CA0610004) | State Water Resources Control Board | Official | Read Oct 29, 2026: community water system, Colusa County, groundwater; population served 5,538; service connections listed as 1,426 residential (RS) and 139 commercial (CM) metered. Water department office listed at 755 6th Street, 530-473-2519. | |
| Disconnection of Residential Water Service for Non-Payment Policy (English) | City of Williams | Official | One-page policy posted on the city's site. The PDF has no date in its text; its file data shows it was created March 25, 2020. Quotes WMC §13.04.261 in its older form (Public Utilities Code §§10009-10010.1); says service may be discontinued when an account is 60 days or more delinquent and the customer has received a 15-day notice; customers may call (530) 473-2955 Ext. 111 before disconnection to discuss options. It does not spell out payment-plan or bill-appeal procedures. The Spanish version lists (530) 235-3270 Ext. 111. | |
| Gov. Code §53069.4 (administrative fines and court appeal) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Cities may make ordinance violations subject to administrative fines; fines for what would otherwise be infractions are capped at infraction maximums (subd. (a)(1)); a reasonable time to correct continuing building, plumbing, electrical or similar structural or zoning violations that aren't an immediate danger (subd. (a)(2)(A)); appeal to superior court within 20 days after service of the final decision, heard de novo as a limited civil case (subd. (b)(1)); filing fee under §70615, reimbursed by the agency if the contestant wins (subd. (b)(2)); decision confirmed if no appeal (subd. (c)). Amended by AB 1684, effective Jan 1, 2024. Official version of gov-53069-4. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 15.06 (Residential Code) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party copy of the Williams Municipal Code) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror read Oct 29, 2026. §15.06.010 adopts the 2025 California Residential Code, including Chapter 1 (Ord. 274-25, Oct 15, 2025); §15.06.020 makes violations a misdemeanor. Check wording with the City Clerk. | |
| 2025 California Residential Code, Chapter 1, §§R105.1-R105.2 (permits; work exempt from permit) | International Code Council, ICC Digital Codes (public view) | Unofficial / third-party | Read Oct 29, 2026 on ICC Digital Codes. R105.1 requires a permit to build, enlarge, alter, repair, move or demolish a structure. R105.2 says an exemption doesn't authorize work that violates the code or other local laws, and exempts from a building permit, among others: one-story detached accessory structures up to 120 sq ft (other than storm shelters; may still be regulated by the Wildland-Urban Interface Code), fences not over 7 ft, retaining walls not over 4 ft unless surcharged, sidewalks and driveways, finish work, prefabricated pools under 24 in deep, playground equipment, and decks up to 200 sq ft no more than 30 in above grade, not attached and not serving a required exit. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 5.15 (Garage sales, yard sales and patio sales) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party copy of the Williams Municipal Code) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror read Oct 29, 2026 (Ord. 102-97). No permit requirement in the text. §5.15.030 exemptions; §5.15.040 no items bought for resale; §5.15.050 at most 3 consecutive days or 2 consecutive weekends per event, 4 events per address or person per 12 months, no sales 6 p.m.-8 a.m.; §5.15.060 all activity on the premises, none on streets or sidewalks, access for fire and police; §5.15.070 at most two signs of 4 sq ft or less, on the premises only; §5.15.080 violations are infractions. Check wording with the City Clerk. | |
| Vehicle Code §2806.5 (officer must state the reason for a stop) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Operative Jan 1, 2024 (AB 2773): an officer making a traffic or pedestrian stop must state the reason before questioning related to a criminal investigation or traffic violation, and document it on any citation or report; exception when withholding it is reasonably believed necessary to protect life or property from imminent threat. | |
| Vehicle Code §12951 (driver's license on demand) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Subd. (b): the driver of a motor vehicle must present their license for examination upon demand of a peace officer enforcing the Vehicle Code. | |
| Vehicle Code §4462 (registration on demand) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Subd. (a): the driver must present the registration or other evidence of registration for vehicles under their immediate control upon demand of a peace officer. | |
| Vehicle Code §16028 (proof of insurance) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Drivers must show proof of financial responsibility when a notice to appear is issued (subd. (b)) or after an accident (subd. (c)); it may be shown on a mobile device, and the officer may view only that (subd. (g)); an officer may not stop a vehicle solely to check for it (subd. (a)). | |
| Penal Code §148 (resisting, delaying or obstructing an officer) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Subd. (a)(1): willfully resisting, delaying or obstructing a peace officer in the discharge of duty is punishable by a fine up to $1,000, up to one year in county jail, or both. Subd. (g): photographing or recording an officer in a public place, or from a place the person has a right to be, is not by itself a violation, reasonable suspicion to detain, or probable cause to arrest. | |
| Penal Code §832.5 (police complaint procedures and records) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Subd. (a)(1): every department employing peace officers must establish a procedure to investigate public complaints and make a written description available to the public. Subd. (b): complaints and related reports are kept at least 5 years, or at least 15 years with a sustained finding of misconduct. | |
| Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) | Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Full opinion read on the LII copy. Holds that consent to a search must be voluntary, judged from the totality of the circumstances; knowing the right to refuse is a factor but need not be proven. | |
| Police Department web pages (home, contact, public records) | City of Williams | Official | Checked Oct 29, 2026: the police home page, Contact Us, Public Records pages and the city's Forms & Permits page (how_do_i/forms_permits.php) did not post a citizen complaint form or written complaint procedure. | |
| Civil Code §1947.12 (statewide rent cap, AB 1482) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Operative April 1, 2024, repealed Jan 1, 2030. Over 12 months, increases are limited to 5% plus the percentage change in the cost of living, or 10%, whichever is lower, of the lowest rent in the prior 12 months, with no more than two increases (subd. (a)); initial rent on a new tenancy is not capped (subd. (b)); exemptions in subd. (d), including housing with a certificate of occupancy within 15 years and separately alienable homes and condos not owned by a REIT, corporation or LLC with a corporate member when the tenant got the written exemption notice; areas not listed use the California CPI from the Department of Industrial Relations (subd. (g)(1)(B)); remedies including up to three times the overcharge if willful and a 3-year limit (subd. (k)); waivers void (subd. (l)). | |
| Civil Code §827 (notice of rent increase) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. Subd. (b): on a month-to-month tenancy, a rent increase needs at least 30 days' written notice if it is 10% or less over 12 months, and at least 90 days if more than 10%. | |
| Civil Code §1946.2 (just cause for ending a tenancy) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. As amended, effective Jan 1, 2026. After continuous occupancy of 12 months (or the 24-month rule when adult tenants are added), a tenancy may be ended only for at-fault or no-fault just cause stated in the notice (subds. (a), (b)); notice and a chance to cure first for curable violations (subd. (c)); for no-fault terminations, relocation help equal to one month's rent paid within 15 days or a written waiver of the final month's rent, and a noncomplying notice is void (subd. (d)); exemptions in subd. (e); damages up to three times if willful (subd. (h)). | |
| Civil Code §1946.1 (notice to end a month-to-month tenancy) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. At least 60 days' notice if all tenants have lived there a year or more, 30 days if any tenant has lived there less than a year (with a 30-day rule for certain sales to an owner-occupant); no fee may be charged for serving the notice. | |
| Civil Code §789.3 (no lockouts or utility shut-offs by landlords) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. A landlord may not interrupt or terminate utilities, prevent access by changing locks, remove doors or windows, or remove the tenant's property with intent to terminate the tenancy; liability for actual damages plus up to $100 a day, at least $250 per cause of action, and attorney fees. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1167 (time to respond to an eviction case) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 29, 2026. The tenant has 10 days after service of the summons, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and other judicial holidays, to file a response in an unlawful detainer case. | |
| The eviction process for tenants (California Courts Self-Help Guide) | Judicial Council of California | Official | Read Oct 29, 2026: the process starts with a written notice; if the tenant doesn't comply, the landlord can file a court case; the tenant must file a response within 10 days or the judge can decide without hearing from them; it can take 30 to 45 days or longer; after losing, a tenant can move or ask for more time, and the landlord can ask the sheriff to remove them. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.53 (inspection warrants: judge may examine applicant) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.54 (inspection warrants: contents and limits) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1822.55 (inspection warrants: 14-day limit) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53756 (Prop. 218: multi-year rate schedules for five years) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53759 (Prop. 218: 120 days to challenge a fee or charge) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53759.1 (Prop. 218: written objection before suing) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54952.2 (Brown Act: definition of meeting; serial meetings; social media) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54953.3 (Brown Act: no sign-in required to attend) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54953.6 (Brown Act: right to broadcast open meetings) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54953.7 (Brown Act: agencies may allow greater access) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54954.5 (Brown Act: closed-session agenda descriptions) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54957.2 (Brown Act: confidential closed-session minute book) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54957.7 (Brown Act: announce closed-session items; reconvene and report) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54957.9 (Brown Act: willful disruption; clearing the room) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54959 (Brown Act: criminal penalty) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54960.2 (Brown Act: cease-and-desist letter for past actions) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54960.5 (Brown Act: costs and attorney fees) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §54963 (Brown Act: closed-session confidentiality and its exceptions) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7920.530 (CPRA: definition of public records) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7921.505 (CPRA: waiver by disclosure) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.000 (CPRA: agency must justify withholding) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.500 (CPRA: no delay or obstruction) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.540 (CPRA: written denials naming those responsible) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.570 (CPRA: records in electronic format) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7922.575 (CPRA: cost of electronic records) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §7923.110 (CPRA: court orders disclosure) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Penal Code §403 (disturbing a lawful meeting) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §34856 (city manager may appoint and dismiss subordinate officers except the city attorney) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36505 (council appoints the police chief; may appoint a city attorney) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36506 (council fixes pay of appointive officers; they serve at its pleasure) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36508 (voters may make elective officers other than council members appointive) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36801 (council chooses the mayor and mayor pro tempore from its members) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36802 (the mayor presides at council meetings) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36810 (a majority of the council is a quorum) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36936 (resolutions, payment orders and ordinances need a majority of the total membership) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §65101 (planning commissions report to the legislative body) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §87100 (no participating in decisions with a financial interest) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §87200 (officials who file statements of economic interests) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §87302 (conflict of interest codes and designated employees) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §83115 (FPPC investigates sworn complaints) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §1092 (contracts made in violation of §1090 may be avoided) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §1097 (criminal penalty for willful §1090 violations) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §53260 (cap on cash settlements in local agency employment contracts) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §9235 (ordinances take effect 30 days after final passage, with exceptions) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §9217 (voter-adopted initiative ordinances can be changed only by the voters) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Elections Code §9200 (city initiative ordinances) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Penal Code §925a (grand jury may examine and report on city operations) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.04 (City council) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). §2.04.020: the council sets meeting times and "the procedures for the conduct of such meetings" by resolution. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.06 (City administrator) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). The code calls the office "city administrator"; the 2026 employment agreement uses the title City Manager and delegates the Chapter 2.06 powers. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.08 (City clerk) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). §2.08.010: the clerk keeps minutes and records and posts agendas and notices. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.12 (Treasurer) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). §2.12.020: the treasurer's financial and accounting duties under Gov. Code §§41001-41004 are transferred to the finance officer. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.18 (City finance officer) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). The council appoints the finance officer, who works "under the direction of the city administrator." Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.24 (Planning commission) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). Five members appointed by the mayor with council approval; they serve at the council's pleasure. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 2.40 (Parks and recreation commission) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). Five members; some nominated by the school board. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Williams Municipal Code ch. 3.28 (Bidding, contracting and purchases) (GoCodebook mirror) | GoCodebook (third-party) | Unofficial / third-party | Third-party mirror (2026-10 edition). Thresholds: $60,000 or less may be awarded by the city administrator; more than $60,000 goes to the council. Check wording on Municode. | |
| Government Code §81008 (Political Reform Act reports and statements are public records) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §91001 (who enforces the Political Reform Act) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Government Code §36901 (city fines up to $1,000; imprisonment up to six months) | California.Public.Law (copy of California statute) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy of the statute, read directly. Confirm on leginfo before relying on it. | |
| Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Final Report 2025-2026 (section "City of Williams") | Superior Court of California, County of Colusa | Official | Findings F1-F11 and recommendations R1-R6 on the City of Williams (PDF pp. 1-6). Requires a council response within 60 days and invites responses from the City Manager and City Attorney within 90 days. Grand jury findings are the jury's conclusions, not court rulings. | |
| City of Williams response to the 2025-2026 Colusa County Civil Grand Jury report (letter dated August 20, 2026) | Superior Court of California, County of Colusa (posted copy) | Official | The City Council's response: it disagrees partially with F6 (tying it to a memo from the former City Administrator) and wholly with F11, and declines R1 as "not warranted or is not reasonable." | |
| Grand Jury page (reports and posted responses) | Superior Court of California, County of Colusa | Official | As of Oct 29, 2026 it lists responses for 2025-2026 from the Board of Supervisors, CCOE, the Williams City Council and Council Member John Troughton; none from the Williams City Manager or City Attorney. It also links a complaint form. | |
| Code Enforcement page (Police Services Division) | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Nuisances include abandoned vehicles, weeds and other fire hazards, rubbish and debris, livestock and substandard housing. To report: "you may file a complaint on-line, or call the Police Services Division at 530-473-2533, Monday through Thursday, or stop by the Williams Police Department at 700 North Street, Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. through 5:00 p.m." It asks for "the exact location or address, and a complete description of the violation." We found no online complaint link on the page. | |
| Nuisance Abatement page | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Report a nuisance through the Police Department mobile app (QR code on the page), by calling (530) 473-2533, by email to info@williamspd.net, or in person at the Police Department. Give the exact location and a description. | |
| Police Department: Contact Us | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Williams Police Department, 700 North Street; phone (530) 473-2661; fax (530) 473-3488; info@williamspd.net; the page also has a web message form. | |
| Public Works Department page | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Public Works maintains streets, street trees, traffic systems, parks, City buildings and graffiti removal, and runs the water system, the wastewater plant, sewer and storm drainage. | |
| Public Works FAQs | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Call (530) 473-2519 about potholes on City streets, broken sidewalks next to City property, a plugged sewer main (the line from the main to the home is the owner's), missing or damaged street signs, street lights and signals (Public Works contacts PG&E; give the location), storm drain flooding, water pressure or taste, construction dust, street tree trimming and park upkeep. Missing garbage or recycling cans: NorCal Waste, (530) 473-3282. Extra trash: the Colusa County transfer station in Maxwell, (530) 438-2622. | |
| Public Works: Contact Us | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Public Works, 735 7th Street; phone (530) 473-2955 Ext. 801; dpw@cityofwilliams.org; the page also has a web message form. (The city directory lists (530) 235-3270 Ext. 801 for the same office.) | |
| Road Department | County of Colusa | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Maintains about 750 miles of county roads in the unincorporated areas. Report a road problem with the online Road Maintenance Request Form (Request Tracker, needs an account) or call Public Works at (530) 458-0466; call 911 for emergencies. Williams Yard: 5714 E Street, (530) 473-5301. | |
| Assessor | County of Colusa | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. Values all real property and taxable personal property, applies exemptions and answers assessment questions; it does not collect taxes. (530) 458-0450, 547 Market Street, Suite 101, Colusa. | |
| Treasurer-Tax Collector | County of Colusa | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. County office for property tax bills and payments; 547 Market Street, Suite 111, Colusa, (530) 458-0440 (county directory). A county news item of Oct 7, 2026 (CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=694) says the Tax Collector's Office mails the annual property tax bills in October. | |
| Licensing | California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control | Official | Read Oct 30, 2026. ABC issues and renews alcohol licenses, may refuse to issue a license, and has a license lookup. | |
| Median household income, ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates (table B19013), Williams city and California | U.S. Census Bureau | Official | Williams city, CA (place 0685586): $90,761, margin of error ±$22,136. California: $99,122 (±$310). In 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars. Read from the Census data endpoint: https://data.census.gov/api/access/data/table?id=ACSDT5Y2024.B19013&g=1600000US0685586 | |
| Per capita income, ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates (table B19301), Williams city and California | U.S. Census Bureau | Official | Williams city, CA: $28,552 (±$5,071). California: $49,513 (±$168). In 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars. Read from the Census data endpoint: https://data.census.gov/api/access/data/table?id=ACSDT5Y2024.B19301&g=1600000US0685586 | |
| Average household size, ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates (table B25010), Williams city | U.S. Census Bureau | Official | Williams city, CA: 3.46 people per household (±0.38). Read from the Census data endpoint: https://data.census.gov/api/access/data/table?id=ACSDT5Y2024.B25010&g=1600000US0685586 | |
| Colusa: PW Director/City Manager, 2025 pay (Transparent California) | Transparent California | Unofficial / third-party | 2025 base pay $228,037; benefits $49,513; total pay and benefits $277,550. The title combines public works director and city manager. | |
| Morro Bay: City Manager Yvonne Kimball, 2024 pay (Transparent California) | Transparent California | Unofficial / third-party | 2024 base pay $227,316; other pay $8,424; benefits $55,409; total pay and benefits $291,149. | |
| Penal Code §933.05 (how agencies must answer grand jury findings and recommendations) | California Legislative Information | Official | For each recommendation the respondent reports it is implemented, will be implemented, needs analysis (up to six months), or "will not be implemented because it is not warranted or is not reasonable, with an explanation therefor." | |
| Midway Orchards v. County of Butte (1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 765 | Justia | Unofficial / third-party | Quotes Hopping v. Council of City of Richmond (1915): "if a legislative act is ... done, the referendum may be invoked whether the measure is denominated an ordinance or resolution." Also: "many administrative acts not subject to referendum are undertaken by resolution." Notes the municipal referendum statutes "refer exclusively to ordinances." | |
| "Councilman Files Independent Grand Jury Response," Colusa County Pioneer Review, Sept. 4, 2026 | Colusa County Pioneer Review | Unofficial / third-party | Reports that Council Member Troughton said personnel costs rose 39% in his absence, including 22% for the city administrator in under three years, and that the renewal contracts "were never discussed in open session as they had been in the past" (the newspaper's paraphrase, not a direct quote). Also reports the council approved the city's response "without discussion." | |
| Health and Safety Code §116900 (Water Shutoff Protection Act, title) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Names the chapter (§§116900-116926) the Water Shutoff Protection Act. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116912 (information on restoring service) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. A system that shuts off residential service for nonpayment must tell the customer how to restore it. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116916 (tenants when the landlord is the customer) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Where the landlord is the customer of record, occupants get written notice at least 10 days before a shut-off and may become customers without paying the delinquent balance (subd. (b)); rent deduction (subd. (e)); for a detached single-family home, 7 days' notice and verification of the landlord relationship (subd. (f)). | |
| Health and Safety Code §116918 (yearly shut-off reporting) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Each covered system must report its annual number of shut-offs for inability to pay on its website and to the State Water Board, which posts them. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116920 (Attorney General enforcement) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. The Attorney General, at the board's request or on its own motion, may sue to enjoin unlawful practices under the act and to restore money or property acquired through them. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116922 (notice languages) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Required written notices must be in English, the languages listed in Civil Code §1632, and any language spoken by 10% or more of customers. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116924 (relation to other law) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Where other law is inconsistent, this chapter applies; it doesn't limit shut-off safeguards that existed on Dec 31, 2018. | |
| Health and Safety Code §116926 (unauthorized action of a customer) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. The chapter doesn't apply to a termination due to an unauthorized action of a customer. | |
| Government Code §38773.1 (nuisance abatement liens) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. A city may collect abatement costs by a lien; notice is served like a summons (or posted and published); the recorded lien has the force, effect and priority of a judgment lien and may be foreclosed. | |
| Government Code §38773.5 (abatement costs as a special assessment) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. A city may make abatement costs a special assessment collected with property taxes; the certified-mail notice must say the property may be sold after three years by the tax collector (subd. (c)). Official version of gov-38773-5. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §1094.6 (deadline to challenge a local agency decision) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. A petition for writ of mandate challenging a local agency's final adjudicatory decision must be filed no later than the 90th day after the decision becomes final (subd. (b)). | |
| Government Code §53723 (general taxes need a majority vote) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Added by Proposition 62 (1986): no local government may impose a general tax unless approved by a majority of the voters voting on it. | |
| Code of Civil Procedure §425.16 (anti-SLAPP special motion to strike) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Special motion to strike claims arising from protected petition or speech on a public issue unless the plaintiff shows a probability of prevailing (subd. (b)(1)); fees to a prevailing defendant (subd. (c)(1)); protected acts (subd. (e)); filed within 60 days of service (subd. (f)); discovery stayed (subd. (g)). Official version of ccp-425-16. | |
| Government Code §54954.3 (public comment; criticism protected) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. As amended by SB 707, effective Jan 1, 2026: public comment on agenda items (subd. (a)); reasonable regulations including time limits, and double time for speakers using a translator (subd. (b)); a body shall not prohibit public criticism of the agency or the body (subd. (c)). Official version of gov-54954-3 and brown-54954-3. | |
| Government Code §54957.9 (clearing a disrupted meeting) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. If a meeting is willfully interrupted so order can't be restored by removing those responsible, the room may be cleared; only agenda items may be considered; the press may attend. | |
| Penal Code §403 (disturbing a lawful meeting) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Willfully disturbing or breaking up a lawful assembly or meeting without authority of law is a misdemeanor. Official version of pen-403. | |
| Government Code §911.2 (deadlines for claims against public entities) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Claims for death or injury to a person or personal property must be presented within six months; other claims within one year. Official version of gov-911-2. | |
| Government Code §945.6 (deadline to sue after a claim) | California Legislative Information | Official | Official text read directly on Oct 31, 2026. Suit must be filed within six months after written notice of rejection is given, or within two years of accrual if no notice is given. | |
| 42 U.S.C. §1983 (civil action for deprivation of rights) | U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo), United States Code 2023 edition | Official | Official text read on Oct 31, 2026. Anyone who, under color of state law, ordinance, regulation, custom or usage, deprives a person of federal rights is liable to the party injured. | |
| California Elections Data Archive: city election results, 2024 | California Secretary of State (CEDA, prepared with California State University, Sacramento) | Official | Read Oct 31, 2026. Lists Williams Measure W (Nov 5, 2024): sales tax increase from one-half percent to one percent, about $1,000,000 a year, 80% road repair, 10% parks and recreation, 10% fire protection; 491 yes of 967 votes (50.8%); recorded as failing, two-thirds required. | |
| Notice of Measure To Be Voted On (Measure F, Nov 3, 2026) | City of Williams | Official | Read Oct 31, 2026. Measure F, a Special Transactions and Use (Sales) Tax at the Nov 3, 2026 General Municipal Election: a one-half percent city special sales tax for fire protection, estimated at about $1.2 million a year. The notice says the measure requires approval by a majority of Williams voters voting on it. | |
| Appeals Request Form (Notice and Order) | City of Williams (Williams Police Department) | Official | Linked from the City Clerk section of the city's Forms & Permits page. Scanned; read with OCR on Oct 31, 2026. For appealing a Notice and Order: asks for the case number, the property, the appellant's legal interest and the facts, signed under penalty of perjury; incomplete forms are returned. Lists 700 North Street, (530) 473-2661. | |
| Claim Form (claims against the City of Williams) | City of Williams | Official | Linked from the City Clerk section of the city's Forms & Permits page. Scanned; read with OCR on Oct 31, 2026. File only with the City Clerk, P.O. Box 310, Williams, CA 95987; warns that most claims must be filed within six months and others within one year; claims are acted on by the City Council; "All claims are public record." | |
| City and County of San Francisco v. All Persons Interested in the Matter of Proposition C (2020) 51 Cal.App.5th 703 | Justia (copy of California Court of Appeal opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy, read Nov 3, 2026. The court held that the two-thirds vote requirements of Propositions 13 and 218 limit local governments' taxing power and do not displace the voters' power to enact a special tax by initiative with a majority vote. | |
| Felder v. Casey, 487 U.S. 131 (1988) | Justia (copy of U.S. Supreme Court opinion) | Unofficial / third-party | Unofficial copy, read Nov 3, 2026. Held that a state notice-of-claim statute is preempted when a §1983 action is brought in state court. | |
| Colusa County Elections (current election page) | County of Colusa | Official | Read Nov 3, 2026 at about 4:40 p.m. PT: lists Measure F (City of Williams) on the Nov 3, 2026 General Election; no results were posted yet. | |
| City Council agenda packet, June 18, 2025 | City of Williams | Official | Listed on the city's Agenda & Minutes page. Item 5 (PDF page 25) is the staff report "Budgetary Guidance on Resolving Shortfalls in FY2026 and FY2027"; PDF page 27 is the "General Fund Shortfall with Potential Solutions" table. Scanned; pages 25 and 27 read as images. | |
| Total population, ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates (table B01003), Williams city | U.S. Census Bureau | Official | Williams city, CA (place 0685586): 5,585 people, margin of error ±24. Read from the Census data endpoint: https://data.census.gov/api/access/data/table?id=ACSDT5Y2024.B01003&g=1600000US0685586 | |
| 2026 Preliminary Affordability Assessment Results (Attachment D1 to the 2026 Needs Assessment) | California State Water Resources Control Board | Official | Spreadsheet, read directly. Row for City of Williams (CA0610004): Disadvantaged Community Status "DAC"; "MHI with Margin of Error Considered" $73,471. The Definitions tab defines a disadvantaged community as a service area with median household income under 80% of the statewide level. | |
| Basic Economics: A Common Sense Guide to the Economy (5th ed., 2014; first edition 2000), Thomas Sowell | Basic Books | Unofficial / third-party | Publisher's catalog page. We rely on the publisher's description (it says the book shows how to critique economic policies by the incentives they create rather than the goals they proclaim). We have not checked page text and quote nothing from the book. | |
| Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One (revised ed., 2008; first edition 2004), Thomas Sowell | Basic Books | Unofficial / third-party | Publisher's catalog page. We rely on the publisher's description (it says the book examines policies not only by their immediate effects but also by their later repercussions). We have not checked page text and quote nothing from the book. | |
| Economic Facts and Fallacies (2nd ed., 2011; first edition 2008), Thomas Sowell | Basic Books | Unofficial / third-party | Publisher's catalog page. We rely on the publisher's description (it lists fallacies about urban problems, income differences and other topics). We have not checked page text and quote nothing from the book. | |
| The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation as a Basis for Social Policy (1995), Thomas Sowell | BasicBooks (Basic Books) | Unofficial / third-party | Google Books catalog record (paperback listed as 1996). We rely on the catalog description and public discussion of the book's trade-off theme. We have not checked page text and quote nothing from the book. | |
| A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles (1987; revised ed., 2007), Thomas Sowell | William Morrow (1987); Basic Books (2007) | Unofficial / third-party | Publisher's catalog page for the 2007 Basic Books edition. We rely on the publisher's description of the "constrained" and "unconstrained" visions. We have not checked page text and quote nothing from the book. |
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Site last built
November 12, 2026. Each page also shows its own "last updated" date at the bottom.
Sources cited on this page
- Williams Municipal Code (official, Municode) Codified through Ord. 275-25 (Dec 10, 2025), per a search snippet. Municode blocked automated access; not bypassed. ↗
- Williams Municipal Code mirror (GoCodebook, 2026-10 edition) Third-party mirror, not the official codification. Quotes should be checked against Municode or the City Clerk. ↗
- California Law: codes and statutes (official) The official place to read California statutes; opened directly on Oct 29, 2026 (lists every California code, including the Government Code and Elections Code). ↗
- Constitutions of California and the United States, 2025-26 edition (PDF) California Constitution as last amended November 5, 2024. ↗
- California Constitution (official, by article) Official table of contents of the California Constitution, by article; opened directly on Oct 29, 2026. ↗
- The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription ↗
- Constitution Annotated Blocked automated retrieval; link only. ↗
- CourtListener case law search Free case-law database. Volunteers used it to confirm that cited cases exist. Not an official court reporter. ↗
- City Council agendas and minutes (official index) Dynamic page; packets are linked PDFs. Many older packets are scanned images without searchable text. ↗
- City Clerk (public records requests, Form 700 filing officer) City Clerk's office, 810 E Street (P.O. Box 310). Phone (530) 235-3274, or (530) 473-2955 Ext. 111. This page has an online Public Records Request form and links a PDF request form. ↗
- City Council page (meeting schedule, members, contact) Says regular meetings are the third Wednesday of each month at 6:00 p.m., Council Chambers, City Hall, 810 E Street; call (530) 235-3270 or (530) 473-2955. Re-read Oct 31, 2026: the page's contact box lists the City Council at (530) 235-3274 or (530) 473-2955, the same number the city directory gives the City Clerk. ↗
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